By Ally Moll Weight loss surgery is fast becoming a very popular way for obese and morbidly obese people to get and keep the weight off. America is the fattest it's ever been and they're even saying there is an "obesity epidemic". The term is even being used in the UK now. I even had gastric by pass surgery 2 years ago and it has changed my life only for the better. You can see my before and after photos at http://www.allymoll.com/wls.html
There are many reasons for people to consider getting weight loss surgery. For those of you who are still unsure, here are fifty ways your life will change for the better after surgery. If you're still unsure, feel free to contact me for a free consultation. 1. You lose weight FAST!
2. You get to buy a whole new wardrobe....several times if you wish.
3. You will be able to see and touch your own feet.
4. You'll feel lighter.
5. It will be easier for you to exercise
6. You can go up a flight or two of stairs without completely running out of breath.
7. Your self-esteem will sky rocket.
8. People will hold doors open for you, look at you and actually say hi and smile.
9. You will get hit on!
10. You will be able to achieve all those positions you've always wanted to try during sex.
11. You'll clothes will start falling off of you.
12. You can buy jewelry in a "normal" store.
13. Your joint pain will lessen or disappear.
14. There is a possibility your diabetes will go away.
15. You'll just feel GOOD.
16. You'll get complimented a lot.
17. Your snoring will lessen or disappear.
18. You can comfortably wear jeans.
19. No more high blood pressure.
20. No more asking for a seatbelt extender on the airplane.
21. Your butt won't hurt as much after riding a bike.
22. You will feel very proud of yourself.
23. You'll see inches of fat melt right off of you.
24. Your energy will increase.
25. You'll be able to cross your legs.
26. You will finally weigh LESS then what it says on your driver's license.
27. You can finally buy that cute little sports car and now worry if you'll fit behind the steering wheel.
28. You'll actually be able to use those tiny bathrooms on airplanes and trains.
29. You can sell all your fat clothes on ebay and make some extra money.
30. You can do more housework! (Ok, this may not be a "pro" for everyone)
31. You'll literally lose weight overnight.
32. You'll live longer.
33. You'll be healthier.
35. You won't run away or throw your hands up every time someone wants to take your picture.
36. You'll start using the regular carts at the grocery store instead of the electric handicap ones.
37. You can get a short haircut without looking like a pinhead.
38. You won't feel hungry all the time.
39. You'll feel pretty/handsome again.
40. Your shoe size will drop.
41. You'll be able to ride all the roller coasters and never have to do the "walk of shame" when you discovered you couldn't fit into the seats anymore.
42. No more heartburn.
43. You can go to the gym and finally be one of those skinny perky people you use to envy.
44. No more starving yourself on crazy diets.
45. No more worrying if the chair you're sitting on will break.
46. You can go to the playground and swing on the swing set.
47. Your kids will be able to put their arms all the way around you when they hug you.
48. You'll save money by not eating as much and not going out to eat as often.
49. Learning how much certain people really care about you.
50. And lastly you will most likely meet a ton of wonderful weight loss surgery people who will become your good friends for life. Ally Moll is a life and creativity coach in South Central Wisconsin. She helps clients all over the country to choose or not choose to lose weight through weight loss surgery. She also assists people in getting in touch with their creatvity and creating careers they will really love. You can contact her through her website for a free consultation at http://www.allymoll.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ally_Moll http://EzineArticles.com/?Be-a-Loser:-50-Reasons-to-Get-Weight-Loss-Surgery&id=41024 buy phentermine
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Wednesday, April 9, 2008
Tuesday, April 8, 2008
Want a Relationship that Works? Be More Selfish
By Alan Stafford When were young, were taught to play nice and share. Selfishness is a vice, and consideration a virtue. We carry those beliefs with us into adulthood where they work well in everyday life. But, the situation is different when youre dating. Dating is all about finding someone who meets your requirements for a mate. Its not about molding yourself to fit your partners requirements. So, the best way to have long term success in your relationship? Be more selfish when dating. Most men and women aren't nearly selfish enough when they are dating. That may sound backward to you because you try to be on your best behavior during a date. You try to make a good impression. You try to be considerate and selfless because you want the other person to like you. While this selflessness makes you a great date, it doesnt get you what you want. It doesnt get you a life partner who meets your definition of a good mate. Years later, youre unhappy. You really didnt choose a mate; you were chosen. Its all about him You make a big mistake when you set aside your feelings and cater totally to the other person desires so that he or she will like you. Thats bad for two reasons. First, its not fair to your date. He never gets to know you: your tastes, your preferences, and your personality. So how could he know if the two of you are really compatible? Express yourself. Let him know your preferences and your quirks. Give him the chance to bail if you dont fit his ideal for a partner. Dont show him just your good side in order to have a relationship. Br open, and be real. If hes the man for you, hell accept you and will want to please you. If hes not the man for you, better to find out now instead of after the wedding when you have a big mortgage and small kids. Its all about you
You're also being unfair to yourself. By suppressing your desires and preferences, you are letting your partner set the terms of the relationship. That doesnt work long term. In fact, a major cause of divorces is because one or both spouses settled for the other in order to have a relationship and get married. Dont settle. Be selfish. This is your relationship, too. You have the right to choose anyone and reject anyone for any reason. You dont owe your dates anything except courtesy and kindness. You will owe your spouse a lifetime of love and commitment. The more selfish you are during the dating process-the choosier you are when selecting a life partner-the easier it will be to love and to cherish. Selfish in dating, but selfless in love If youre dating the right person, he or she will love you just as you are. There are plenty of prospects who will meet your requirements and needs. Prospects who fit your ideal of a life partner. But, youll never find them if you settle for something less than you want. Be up front from the beginning. Express yourself freely and openly. Its not phony, its not pretentious: its you being you. You can still be charming and polite. But, be prepared for a lot of dates to walk away. The fact that you werent right for them means that they werent right for you. Right?
Openness and honesty in dating will also carry forward into openness and honesty in marriage. Knowing that you are right for each other before the wedding is the secret to a lifetime of wedded bliss as a couple. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dr. Alan Stafford, Relationship Results Coach
I help Singles and Couples build relationships that work
www.relationshipsuccessexperts.com Click here to ask Alan a question
about your biggest relationship issue
http://relationshipsuccessexperts.com/askalan.htm Get our free newsletter for relationship tips and advice
http://relationshipsuccessexperts.com/subscribe.html
2005 Alan Stafford/Relationship Success Experts
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You're also being unfair to yourself. By suppressing your desires and preferences, you are letting your partner set the terms of the relationship. That doesnt work long term. In fact, a major cause of divorces is because one or both spouses settled for the other in order to have a relationship and get married. Dont settle. Be selfish. This is your relationship, too. You have the right to choose anyone and reject anyone for any reason. You dont owe your dates anything except courtesy and kindness. You will owe your spouse a lifetime of love and commitment. The more selfish you are during the dating process-the choosier you are when selecting a life partner-the easier it will be to love and to cherish. Selfish in dating, but selfless in love If youre dating the right person, he or she will love you just as you are. There are plenty of prospects who will meet your requirements and needs. Prospects who fit your ideal of a life partner. But, youll never find them if you settle for something less than you want. Be up front from the beginning. Express yourself freely and openly. Its not phony, its not pretentious: its you being you. You can still be charming and polite. But, be prepared for a lot of dates to walk away. The fact that you werent right for them means that they werent right for you. Right?
Openness and honesty in dating will also carry forward into openness and honesty in marriage. Knowing that you are right for each other before the wedding is the secret to a lifetime of wedded bliss as a couple. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dr. Alan Stafford, Relationship Results Coach
I help Singles and Couples build relationships that work
www.relationshipsuccessexperts.com Click here to ask Alan a question
about your biggest relationship issue
http://relationshipsuccessexperts.com/askalan.htm Get our free newsletter for relationship tips and advice
http://relationshipsuccessexperts.com/subscribe.html
2005 Alan Stafford/Relationship Success Experts
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Monday, April 7, 2008
Nokia 6280 - Powered by 3G
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Carly_Charu]Carly Charu The advent of 3G technology has ushered a new era of digital conversion. Users across the globe are making the most of 3G technology, as it comes with substantial benefits. The 3G enabled mobile handsets are too good when it comes to broadband like mobile Internet and lightening fast data connectivity. Hence, 3G technology is here to serve you better like you always want with loads of options. The Nokia 6280 is also a 3G supporting handset, which makes it as powerful and useful as anything can be. Transferring heavy multimedia files is like a fun with such a powerful gadget besides high speed Internet and unparalleled email facility. You can also browse through the Internet to get the latest updates about various news and entertainment. Things have really become very competitive in the mobile world and every handset manufacturer has been releasing a new handset empowered with latest functionalities. 3G is the latest buzz word in the mobile word, therefore users are giving more importance to such handsets than the ordinary ones. Well, the Nokia 6280 is not only a 3G enabled handset and it it is also complemented by with high-end features to make a whole lot of things easier for you. It has been built on the slider technology, which makes it quite enticing one. As being a slider phone, the Nokia 6280 is endowed with a big screen, thus it provides you a larger than life viewing experience. Its bright screen can support more than 262k colours to ensure that you get the best of viewing, whenever you watch something on its large screen. When it comes to multimedia features, the Nokia 6280 is really a star. It comes loaded with a 2.0 mega pixels camera and there is another VGA camera fitted on the font side you can use both of these cameras to capture all those larger than life moments. Moreover, you can also enjoy video calling on your very own Nokia 6280. Its music player can be your reliable entertainment pal, whenever you want to listen to really cool music. So slide open this dynamic performer or Nokia 6280 and feel the real difference. Carly Charu is an expert author and the webmaster of [http://www.3mobileshop.co.uk/] cheap Mobile Phones . The website having details of [http://www.3mobileshop.co.uk/contractmobilephone.asp]Contract mobile phones and [http://www.3mobileshop.co.uk/simfreephone.asp]Sim free phones Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Carly_Charu http://EzineArticles.com/?Nokia-6280---Powered-by-3G&id=559140 phentermine on line prescription
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Sunday, April 6, 2008
Careers - Objectives and the Curriculum Vitae
By Lindsay Scott Arras People receives hundreds of CV's every month from people all across the project management spectrum - from people applying directly for advertised posts or through our registration process. Hundreds of CV's using different styles - layouts sourced from books, friends, the company standard or specialist CV service providers. What do you think is the most underused and undervalued space on your CV? In a poll of 100 CV's we currently hold on record only 5% use the CV to show a prospective employer what it is they're looking for. The objective also often gets confused with the personal profile so what exactly is it? The objective is "a statement of what you want to do for an employer", for example: "Objective: To obtain a challenging project co-ordination position within a public sector organisation which will allow me to continue developing my project management skills, with a long-term aim to progress to the role of Programme or Project Office Manager." Anything written in the objective must also be clearly backed up in the rest of your CV and this can take the form of a personal profile and then the normal chronological layout of your works experience. So why do we encourage people to spend time writing their objectives? For a number of reasons; it makes your application stand out from the 100's of others the client may be reviewing, it shows the employer you've taken the time to think about your application and above all else it makes you the most ideal employee on paper! So what do you need to think about when putting together an objective? Here's a list of some of the do's and don'ts: Don't be too general - there wouldn't be much point in including an objective in the first place The objective should take into consideration your skills, abilities, aspirations, education and interests Write a new objective for each position you apply for - difficult when there's a limited advertised job specification but make the effort Remember to tell the employer in your objective exactly what it is that you can do for them Be realistic and sensible in your aspirational goals Take time to do the objective properly and get friends or family to review it Lindsay Scott is a Director and Senior Recruitment Consultant at Arras People - The UK's Programme and Project Management Recruitment Specialist. For further information and articles please visit http://www.arraspeople.co.uk Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Lindsay_Scott http://EzineArticles.com/?Careers---Objectives-and-the-Curriculum-Vitae&id=93540 legal to buy phentermine online
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Friday, April 4, 2008
Check Printing Companies
By Jason Gluckman A check printing company not only prints but also sells and distributes checks to consumers. Consumers use these checks to withdraw funds held in checking or saving accounts in banks and other financial institutions. Check printing companies are granted the right to advertise and sell checks to consumers. They are required to comply with the Check Printer and Number Act. Check printing companies have the responsibility of verifying the details of new customers such as the accuracy of a persons name, address, city, state and account number. Verification can be done by way of a recent account statement issued by the bank or a copy of the account agreement. Check printing companies are also required to sell checks to consumers that are in compliance with the requirements of Section 3-104 of the Uniform Commercial Code. Some community banks in the United States have also started printing checks as a value added service to their customers. Professional Check Systems, Relyco, and Ganson are some of the major companies that offer check-printing services. Check vendors typically charge banks, $9 for an order of 200 personal checks, who in turn charge their customers $12. Banks that receive requests from customers for specialized designs, such as copyrighted Disney characters, often outsource these orders to commercial printers such as Deluxe Corp. or John H. Harland Co. Check printing companies usually use state-of-the-art printing equipment and material. Either commercial printers or custom printers are used to print checks. Commercial printers can accommodate short run printing and rush printing jobs for different kinds of checks. They make use of pre-designed templates that can be customized to meet customer specifications. Custom printers are used for customers who prefer to choose specific design, size, color and layout of their checks. Check printing companies use appropriate software that makes it easy to create designs. Check Printing provides detailed information on Check Printing, Check Printing Companies, Check Printing Software, Business Check Printing and more. Check Printing is affiliated with Checking Accounts. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jason_Gluckman http://EzineArticles.com/?Check-Printing-Companies&id=242224 canadian pharmacy phentermine
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Thursday, April 3, 2008
Procedure of Trial by Magistrate, Session and High Courts of Pakistan
By Adil Waseem In this article, we shall study the basic requisite for initiation of criminal proceeding against the accused; what types of offences are cognized by magistrate and session court; and what is the procedure of trial of magistrate, session and high court? Condition requisite for initiation of criminal proceedings
Cognizance is taken of an offence as soon as court competent to exercise his jurisdiction for the purposes of initiation of criminal proceedings. If in the opinion of the court to initiate judicial proceeding against the offender in respect of the offence, then it must commence the criminal procedure. The cognizance implies the acceptance of the offence committed by the accused in light of evidence and statement produced by the complainant. The competence of court is precondition to the cognizance of offence, and if, any offence is recognizance by court not having competency, then entire proceedings are irregular and illegal. With exception the specific provisions in Cr.P.C.1898, where certain offences have been barred to be taken cognizance until mentioned specifically in penal statute. Magistrate is empowered under section 190 to take cognizance of the offences. Cognizance of Offence by magistrate Under subsection 1 of section 190 of Cr.P.C of 1898, the district magistrate or subdivision magistrate and any other magistrate specially empowered to take cognizance of any offence, if he receives a complaint of facts which constitute such offence or the report in writing of such facts made by any police officer or the information received from any person other than police officer or upon his own knowledge or suspicion that such offence has made committed, he will immediately take cognizance of the offence. The provision of subsection 3 of section 190 has laid down that the a magistrate taking cognizance under sub-section (1) of an offence triable exclusively by court of session shall without recording any evidence, send the case to the court of session for trial. However, if any order has passed by magistrate whom he is not authorized by law to do that, then the order or enquiry reports shall not be binding on the Court of Session. Cognizance of the offence by court of session and high Court Under subsection 1 of 193 of Cr.P.C Court of Session shall take cognizance of any offence as a court of original jurisdiction unless the section 190, subsection (3), and under section 194 of Cr.P.C 1898 of 1898. The High court may cognizance any offence described in Pakistan Penal Code or in any other penal code. The section 193 impose an embargo upon and limit the power of the Court of Session to take cognizance of any offence unless accused had been sent to Court of Session by magistrate duly empowered by penal statute. The session judge may take any view keeping in view the facts and circumstance of the case and these should be interpreted in light of penal statutes. The sections 190 and 193 are mandatory and session court is not a court of original jurisdiction and cannot entertain any direct complaint or pass any order, unless the same is forwarded to it by magistrate under section 193(3), and if done are outcome of material irregularity of court. Issue of process When the offence has recognized by court and it is in opinion of the court of trial that there is sufficient ground for proceeding. The court may issue a warrant for summons for causing the accused to be brought or to be appeared at certain time before court. The section 201 is the only section which authorizes a magistrate to issue process to the accused for purpose of summoning him to hold him accountable for charges leveled against him. Where he takes cognizance on the private complaint or on a police report or any other information or knowledge other complaint, he must proceed with existence of sufficient ground of proceeding and he has to commence proceedings against the accused by compelling his attendance before the court. There must be sufficient of grounds of proceeding does not mean complaint alone but the complaint deposition, supported by oral or documentary evidence as produced before the courts. Only the prima facie case is required for initiated the criminal proceedings under section 204, court is not expected to go into the detail by the conducting a preliminary trial. If on the basis of evidence that have been supplied, it is adduced by complaint it can be said that there is sufficient ground for initiation of the criminal proceeding against the accused of crime . Procedure of Trial by Magistrate The sections 241 to 249 are related with trial by cases magistrate. The procedure is to be adopted in all cases instituted upon condition mentioned above. 1. Supply of statement and documents to the accused Under subsection 1 of section 141-A, in all case instituted upon police report and copies of statement of all witnesses recorded and produced under section 161 and 164 and all of the records of evidence recorded by the investigation officer in charge of police station on his first visit to the place of occurrence. It is duty of the court law to supply all copies of document to accused at free of cost not less than seven days before the commencement of the trial. The Supply of the copies of whitenesss statement recorded under section 161, Cr.P.C 1898 to be provided to accused is an essential requirement for end of justice and it is preparatory stage of trial by magistrate . What have been stated in the petition of complaint the substance of the accused his name, address, and the names of his witness and the gist of the evidence and fact and circumstances which he is likely to adduce at the trial. It is necessary for trial court to give opportunity to the accused show cause of the allegation brought him and he must be given the affordable opportunity to defend himself . 2. Charges to be framed When the accused appears or he is brought before the magistrate for defend alleged leveled against him, he shall be asked whether he admits that he has committed the offence with which he is charged. When the magistrate having been satisfied, one the basis some cogent evidence spelling out the ingredients of an offence is required to frame a formal charge and these charge must read in open court. The framing the charges is essential and mandatory requirement of criminal procedure. Accused person should not be convicted straight way on the plea of guilt made by the accused. Trial Court is required to give opportunity to the accused to show cause of the allegation brought against him . 3. Conviction on admission of truth of accusation If the accused admit that he has committed the offence, his admission shall be recorded exactly in the words which have spoken by him; and if magistrate finds no sufficient evidence available he may convict accused. The consideration of the sufficient cause must be based on material evidence in hand; the magistrate may convict accused accordingly in defined statutory procedure. The admission of guilt of accused made before the police is reversible at the discretion of the accused. The resiliency of admission of the guilt is relevant factor for court in convict of accused, but it is not sufficient ground. 4. Procedure when no such admission is made. Under the subsection 1 of section of 244 of Cr.P.C 1898 if the magistrate does not convict the accused under the proceeding section then the magistrate shall proceed to hear the complaint and record all evidence produced in support of the prosecution by state functionaries. The magistrate also has to hear the accused and record all evidence which he produces for his defense. The magistrate may issue summons or warrant to accused directing him to attend the proceeding . Accused not supplied with previous neither statements nor adequate opportunity to confront witness with previous statement. Witness not even mentioned in Challan but acquainted with facts of case can be examined as prosecution witness with permission of court. The right to cross examination is existed under section 244 of Cr.P.C 1898 as the right to defend. 5. Statement of Records before Magistrate The statement recorded under section 244 if any statement is recorded under section 164 in presence of the accused, then he must be given the reasonable opportunity to cross the statement which has made against him. The methods of cross examination should be conducted according to the article of Qunun-e-Shahadat Order. There is no bar to power of court to record the evidence in absence of accused, if he pronounced to be absconding offender. 6. Acquittal or Conviction If any evidence provides under section 244 and statement recorded under section 164, Magistrate has found the evidence insufficient and inadequate evidence to constitute the liable for commission or omission of offence, he may acquit the accused after due deliberation of evidence that has been forwarded by complainant to proof the accused guilty, and if he found guilty, he may pass sentence order. Procedure of the trial of Cases by Session and High Court In every trial before the Court of Session, initiated upon a police report, the prosecution shall be conducted by the public prosecutor, and entire cost of the expenditure to be incurred by the state. The option to engage any counsel rest on complainant where the private complaint lodged and complaint is satisfied with counsel. The following procedure shall be observed by High Court and Court of Session in which trial of cases by said courts. 1. Supply of documents and statement to accused In all case proceeding to be initiated upon receiving of police report or by private complaint, and copies of documents of the first information report, the police report, the statement of witnesses recorded under section 161 and 164 and the inspection not recorded by an investigation officer on his first visit to the place of occurrence and note recorded by on recoveries made should to be supplied free of cost to accused not later than seven day before the commencement of the trial , No person should not be convicted unheard in court of law and sufficient opportunity must be provided to accused to make arrangement for engagement of counsel for his defense against the charges leveled against him. In case where the cognizance of offence has made by magistrate on receiving of complainant, the documents mentioned in clause (a) and (b) of subsection 2 of section 265-C to supplied to accused. In addition to document mentioned above, what have been Stated in petition of complaint the substance of the accused, the name of his witnesses and gist of evidence which is likely to adduce at the trial should also be provided and all other the order of court issued for summoning of the accused and also the copies of the complaint and other document supplied by complainant to court as evidence. Copies of statement recorded during investigation separately under section 161 or 172 Cr.P.C whether such person are cited as prosecution witness or not or whether supporting prosecution or defense have to supplied to the accused. 2. When charge is to be framed After perusing the police report or the complaint and all other document and statement filed for prosecution in court for prosecution of the accused, the court need to initiate the criminal prosecuting. The court need to give due deliberation to gist of information, evidence in record in hand and where sufficient grounds are available for prosecution and the trial of the accused. The police should write the charges against the accused. The description of offence committed by the accused and these charges must fulfill the requirement of definition that is given in penal statutes. 3. Plea The charge shall be read and be made open to the accused, and he shall be given affordable opportunity irrespective of fact that he is guilty or not. He should be chance to defend the charge leveled against him. If the accused pleads guilty, the court shall record the plea. Whatever the charge is to be read and explained to the accused in open court, he should be brought before the court of law for criminal prosecution and he shall be asked whether he pleads guilty or has any defense to make, and if the accused plead guilty. Then it is the discretion of court to convict the accused but that discretion should not to be exercised beyond the power given in penal statutes. The personal whim and caprice of the court of law is a negation of criminal justice. The court is required to examine the prosecution evidence even if the guilty is admitted in response to the charge. The section is quite clear in interpretation that court is not all circumstances which are brought before the court; it shall have to record conviction. That description must provide basis of material evidence, the accused has been prosecuted by court. That power given in this section aimed as to minimize the changes of wrong conviction of the accused. 4. Evidence for prosecution If the accused does not plead guilty and no sufficient and material evidence are produced of the guilt of accused, then it is the discretion of court to convict accused. The court shall proceed to hear the complaint and take all such evidence as many are produced for his prosecution : The court shall ascertain from the public prosecutor or as the case may be, from the complaint and, the name of any person likely to be acquainted with the facts of the case and shall summon such persons to give evidence . The court shall refuse to call any witness, if it will cause delay the justice and hamper end the justice. If the statement is given in the written form then that it shall be attached to the record . The section refers to finalizing the prosecution case whether any defense has produced before the court not, and if no defense has adduced by the accused, the court shall after examination of the accused ask the prosecution to sum up his case where accused is eligible to make a reply. The pronouncement of judgment after its due deliberation is ultimate aim of the prosecution, but due opportunity be given to accused to defend himself. In case of the private complaint the prosecution of the case has to be conducted by the private counsel of the accused not by state prosecutors. It is entirely discretion of the public prosecutor what witness shall be examined. 5. Acquittal or Conviction If the court has found the accused not guilty having the record in hand, and after due interpretation of law in given circumstances, he shall order for acquittal of accused against the charges. The section has vested power to the court to quit the accused at any stage when he found be beyond the shadow of doubt not guilty of any offense committed. The likelihood of suspicion always favors the accused and this power is limited to the jurisdiction when the trial court found that beyond the shadow of doubt. If the court has found material irregularity in evidence either recording or production of evidence and there is no direct connection of the accused with the offence alleged, the court may order the acquittal of accused. Summary Trials The magistrate of first class or any bench of magistrate specially has been empowered by provincial government may try in summary way all or any of the following offences mentioned clauses (a) to (m) of subsection 1 of 260. Summary It is here concluded that magistrate, session and high court can only initiate the criminal after cognizance of offences. The both magistrate and session court have their original jurisdiction to try offences as have been mentioned in Criminal procedure code. Initiation of criminal proceeding start with issue of warrants of accused and after his appearance before courts, he is provided ample opportunity to defend himself against the framed charges. If he pleads guilty after through examination of record in hand, the criminal court can pass order of conviction or acquittal of accused. The writer is an advocate of High Court and practicing immigration and corporate laws in Pakistan since September 2001. Author can be contacted by Adil Law Company (Advocates and Immigration lawyers) Office No.3 2nd Flr Hafeez Chambers 85 The Mall Rd Lahore Pakistan Telephone: +9242-6306195 +9242- 6360108 Fax: + 9242 6360108 Cell: +92300 4254910 E-mail: adil.waseem@lawyer.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Adil_Waseem http://EzineArticles.com/?Procedure-of-Trial-by-Magistrate,-Session-and-High-Courts-of-Pakistan&id=48357 cheap ambien cod
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Cognizance is taken of an offence as soon as court competent to exercise his jurisdiction for the purposes of initiation of criminal proceedings. If in the opinion of the court to initiate judicial proceeding against the offender in respect of the offence, then it must commence the criminal procedure. The cognizance implies the acceptance of the offence committed by the accused in light of evidence and statement produced by the complainant. The competence of court is precondition to the cognizance of offence, and if, any offence is recognizance by court not having competency, then entire proceedings are irregular and illegal. With exception the specific provisions in Cr.P.C.1898, where certain offences have been barred to be taken cognizance until mentioned specifically in penal statute. Magistrate is empowered under section 190 to take cognizance of the offences. Cognizance of Offence by magistrate Under subsection 1 of section 190 of Cr.P.C of 1898, the district magistrate or subdivision magistrate and any other magistrate specially empowered to take cognizance of any offence, if he receives a complaint of facts which constitute such offence or the report in writing of such facts made by any police officer or the information received from any person other than police officer or upon his own knowledge or suspicion that such offence has made committed, he will immediately take cognizance of the offence. The provision of subsection 3 of section 190 has laid down that the a magistrate taking cognizance under sub-section (1) of an offence triable exclusively by court of session shall without recording any evidence, send the case to the court of session for trial. However, if any order has passed by magistrate whom he is not authorized by law to do that, then the order or enquiry reports shall not be binding on the Court of Session. Cognizance of the offence by court of session and high Court Under subsection 1 of 193 of Cr.P.C Court of Session shall take cognizance of any offence as a court of original jurisdiction unless the section 190, subsection (3), and under section 194 of Cr.P.C 1898 of 1898. The High court may cognizance any offence described in Pakistan Penal Code or in any other penal code. The section 193 impose an embargo upon and limit the power of the Court of Session to take cognizance of any offence unless accused had been sent to Court of Session by magistrate duly empowered by penal statute. The session judge may take any view keeping in view the facts and circumstance of the case and these should be interpreted in light of penal statutes. The sections 190 and 193 are mandatory and session court is not a court of original jurisdiction and cannot entertain any direct complaint or pass any order, unless the same is forwarded to it by magistrate under section 193(3), and if done are outcome of material irregularity of court. Issue of process When the offence has recognized by court and it is in opinion of the court of trial that there is sufficient ground for proceeding. The court may issue a warrant for summons for causing the accused to be brought or to be appeared at certain time before court. The section 201 is the only section which authorizes a magistrate to issue process to the accused for purpose of summoning him to hold him accountable for charges leveled against him. Where he takes cognizance on the private complaint or on a police report or any other information or knowledge other complaint, he must proceed with existence of sufficient ground of proceeding and he has to commence proceedings against the accused by compelling his attendance before the court. There must be sufficient of grounds of proceeding does not mean complaint alone but the complaint deposition, supported by oral or documentary evidence as produced before the courts. Only the prima facie case is required for initiated the criminal proceedings under section 204, court is not expected to go into the detail by the conducting a preliminary trial. If on the basis of evidence that have been supplied, it is adduced by complaint it can be said that there is sufficient ground for initiation of the criminal proceeding against the accused of crime . Procedure of Trial by Magistrate The sections 241 to 249 are related with trial by cases magistrate. The procedure is to be adopted in all cases instituted upon condition mentioned above. 1. Supply of statement and documents to the accused Under subsection 1 of section 141-A, in all case instituted upon police report and copies of statement of all witnesses recorded and produced under section 161 and 164 and all of the records of evidence recorded by the investigation officer in charge of police station on his first visit to the place of occurrence. It is duty of the court law to supply all copies of document to accused at free of cost not less than seven days before the commencement of the trial. The Supply of the copies of whitenesss statement recorded under section 161, Cr.P.C 1898 to be provided to accused is an essential requirement for end of justice and it is preparatory stage of trial by magistrate . What have been stated in the petition of complaint the substance of the accused his name, address, and the names of his witness and the gist of the evidence and fact and circumstances which he is likely to adduce at the trial. It is necessary for trial court to give opportunity to the accused show cause of the allegation brought him and he must be given the affordable opportunity to defend himself . 2. Charges to be framed When the accused appears or he is brought before the magistrate for defend alleged leveled against him, he shall be asked whether he admits that he has committed the offence with which he is charged. When the magistrate having been satisfied, one the basis some cogent evidence spelling out the ingredients of an offence is required to frame a formal charge and these charge must read in open court. The framing the charges is essential and mandatory requirement of criminal procedure. Accused person should not be convicted straight way on the plea of guilt made by the accused. Trial Court is required to give opportunity to the accused to show cause of the allegation brought against him . 3. Conviction on admission of truth of accusation If the accused admit that he has committed the offence, his admission shall be recorded exactly in the words which have spoken by him; and if magistrate finds no sufficient evidence available he may convict accused. The consideration of the sufficient cause must be based on material evidence in hand; the magistrate may convict accused accordingly in defined statutory procedure. The admission of guilt of accused made before the police is reversible at the discretion of the accused. The resiliency of admission of the guilt is relevant factor for court in convict of accused, but it is not sufficient ground. 4. Procedure when no such admission is made. Under the subsection 1 of section of 244 of Cr.P.C 1898 if the magistrate does not convict the accused under the proceeding section then the magistrate shall proceed to hear the complaint and record all evidence produced in support of the prosecution by state functionaries. The magistrate also has to hear the accused and record all evidence which he produces for his defense. The magistrate may issue summons or warrant to accused directing him to attend the proceeding . Accused not supplied with previous neither statements nor adequate opportunity to confront witness with previous statement. Witness not even mentioned in Challan but acquainted with facts of case can be examined as prosecution witness with permission of court. The right to cross examination is existed under section 244 of Cr.P.C 1898 as the right to defend. 5. Statement of Records before Magistrate The statement recorded under section 244 if any statement is recorded under section 164 in presence of the accused, then he must be given the reasonable opportunity to cross the statement which has made against him. The methods of cross examination should be conducted according to the article of Qunun-e-Shahadat Order. There is no bar to power of court to record the evidence in absence of accused, if he pronounced to be absconding offender. 6. Acquittal or Conviction If any evidence provides under section 244 and statement recorded under section 164, Magistrate has found the evidence insufficient and inadequate evidence to constitute the liable for commission or omission of offence, he may acquit the accused after due deliberation of evidence that has been forwarded by complainant to proof the accused guilty, and if he found guilty, he may pass sentence order. Procedure of the trial of Cases by Session and High Court In every trial before the Court of Session, initiated upon a police report, the prosecution shall be conducted by the public prosecutor, and entire cost of the expenditure to be incurred by the state. The option to engage any counsel rest on complainant where the private complaint lodged and complaint is satisfied with counsel. The following procedure shall be observed by High Court and Court of Session in which trial of cases by said courts. 1. Supply of documents and statement to accused In all case proceeding to be initiated upon receiving of police report or by private complaint, and copies of documents of the first information report, the police report, the statement of witnesses recorded under section 161 and 164 and the inspection not recorded by an investigation officer on his first visit to the place of occurrence and note recorded by on recoveries made should to be supplied free of cost to accused not later than seven day before the commencement of the trial , No person should not be convicted unheard in court of law and sufficient opportunity must be provided to accused to make arrangement for engagement of counsel for his defense against the charges leveled against him. In case where the cognizance of offence has made by magistrate on receiving of complainant, the documents mentioned in clause (a) and (b) of subsection 2 of section 265-C to supplied to accused. In addition to document mentioned above, what have been Stated in petition of complaint the substance of the accused, the name of his witnesses and gist of evidence which is likely to adduce at the trial should also be provided and all other the order of court issued for summoning of the accused and also the copies of the complaint and other document supplied by complainant to court as evidence. Copies of statement recorded during investigation separately under section 161 or 172 Cr.P.C whether such person are cited as prosecution witness or not or whether supporting prosecution or defense have to supplied to the accused. 2. When charge is to be framed After perusing the police report or the complaint and all other document and statement filed for prosecution in court for prosecution of the accused, the court need to initiate the criminal prosecuting. The court need to give due deliberation to gist of information, evidence in record in hand and where sufficient grounds are available for prosecution and the trial of the accused. The police should write the charges against the accused. The description of offence committed by the accused and these charges must fulfill the requirement of definition that is given in penal statutes. 3. Plea The charge shall be read and be made open to the accused, and he shall be given affordable opportunity irrespective of fact that he is guilty or not. He should be chance to defend the charge leveled against him. If the accused pleads guilty, the court shall record the plea. Whatever the charge is to be read and explained to the accused in open court, he should be brought before the court of law for criminal prosecution and he shall be asked whether he pleads guilty or has any defense to make, and if the accused plead guilty. Then it is the discretion of court to convict the accused but that discretion should not to be exercised beyond the power given in penal statutes. The personal whim and caprice of the court of law is a negation of criminal justice. The court is required to examine the prosecution evidence even if the guilty is admitted in response to the charge. The section is quite clear in interpretation that court is not all circumstances which are brought before the court; it shall have to record conviction. That description must provide basis of material evidence, the accused has been prosecuted by court. That power given in this section aimed as to minimize the changes of wrong conviction of the accused. 4. Evidence for prosecution If the accused does not plead guilty and no sufficient and material evidence are produced of the guilt of accused, then it is the discretion of court to convict accused. The court shall proceed to hear the complaint and take all such evidence as many are produced for his prosecution : The court shall ascertain from the public prosecutor or as the case may be, from the complaint and, the name of any person likely to be acquainted with the facts of the case and shall summon such persons to give evidence . The court shall refuse to call any witness, if it will cause delay the justice and hamper end the justice. If the statement is given in the written form then that it shall be attached to the record . The section refers to finalizing the prosecution case whether any defense has produced before the court not, and if no defense has adduced by the accused, the court shall after examination of the accused ask the prosecution to sum up his case where accused is eligible to make a reply. The pronouncement of judgment after its due deliberation is ultimate aim of the prosecution, but due opportunity be given to accused to defend himself. In case of the private complaint the prosecution of the case has to be conducted by the private counsel of the accused not by state prosecutors. It is entirely discretion of the public prosecutor what witness shall be examined. 5. Acquittal or Conviction If the court has found the accused not guilty having the record in hand, and after due interpretation of law in given circumstances, he shall order for acquittal of accused against the charges. The section has vested power to the court to quit the accused at any stage when he found be beyond the shadow of doubt not guilty of any offense committed. The likelihood of suspicion always favors the accused and this power is limited to the jurisdiction when the trial court found that beyond the shadow of doubt. If the court has found material irregularity in evidence either recording or production of evidence and there is no direct connection of the accused with the offence alleged, the court may order the acquittal of accused. Summary Trials The magistrate of first class or any bench of magistrate specially has been empowered by provincial government may try in summary way all or any of the following offences mentioned clauses (a) to (m) of subsection 1 of 260. Summary It is here concluded that magistrate, session and high court can only initiate the criminal after cognizance of offences. The both magistrate and session court have their original jurisdiction to try offences as have been mentioned in Criminal procedure code. Initiation of criminal proceeding start with issue of warrants of accused and after his appearance before courts, he is provided ample opportunity to defend himself against the framed charges. If he pleads guilty after through examination of record in hand, the criminal court can pass order of conviction or acquittal of accused. The writer is an advocate of High Court and practicing immigration and corporate laws in Pakistan since September 2001. Author can be contacted by Adil Law Company (Advocates and Immigration lawyers) Office No.3 2nd Flr Hafeez Chambers 85 The Mall Rd Lahore Pakistan Telephone: +9242-6306195 +9242- 6360108 Fax: + 9242 6360108 Cell: +92300 4254910 E-mail: adil.waseem@lawyer.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Adil_Waseem http://EzineArticles.com/?Procedure-of-Trial-by-Magistrate,-Session-and-High-Courts-of-Pakistan&id=48357 cheap ambien cod
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Tuesday, April 1, 2008
Parenting - My Story
By Jennifer Sprague When I became pregnant with my daughter, Aubrey, I was 21 years old, freshly married and scared to death! I read all the books, including the "What to Expect" series (even the infant and toddler ones). All these books gave us "one size fits all" kind of parenting advice. When Aubrey was born, we practiced the "one size fit's all"; parenting advocated by all the books I read. We encouraged her to fall asleep on her on, meaning we let her cry herself to sleep. I also encouraged Aubrey to feel comfortable playing alone, and not need me. I did however KNOW that breast milk was best, and since I did not know that the resources were out there to seek help to learn HOW to breastfeed, I pumped. Fast-forward 5 years. I unexpectedly got pregnant with my son. This time I found myself alone. So, instead of reading (yet again) all the more mainstream books, I instead turned to my heart. I searched my heart for the kind of parent I wanted to be. The kind of child I wanted my son or daughter to be. I was not going to have help this time, so it had to be something I would understand, stick with and love, unlike the parenting style I choose with my older daughter. I had no idea about Attachment Parenting. I did not know there was a name for how I instinctively parented my son. I just followed heart. I was steadfast in my resolve to breastfeed my son. I sought so much help in this. I had issues, just like many other first time nursing mommas. From problems with to much milk, to problems with the pace that my milk did flow as well. We struggled, but it was a struggle that really made me feel good, like I was really doing the best thing possible for myself and my child. We eventually "got it" and it was/is the best thing in the world for both of us! Then while at a LLL Meeting someone was wearing a ring sling. I thought it was amazing to be able to hold your baby AND get something done! So I bought one. This was my first and not my most comfortable, but I learned that I could have my newborn son with me, and still tend to my 5-year-old daughter and get work done around the house. I searched, high and low, to find the perfect sling for me. I learned how many different types there were, and decided on how I liked mine best. When I did not find one on the market that catered to my needs and wants, I created my own. It was not till then, that I accidentally bumped into the name "Attachment Parenting"; I started reading, and was amazed and shocked that there were other mommas just like me. Mommas who loved their children enough to listen to their hearts AND their children's cries! I also learned that my co-sleeping is actually a great way to "attachment" parent, and is especially good when you are breastfeeding. I was introduced to cloth diapers, which at first I thought, "NO WAY; Are people NUTS?"; Well I know different now. I then began cloth diapering my then 8 month old little boy. The patterns are so fun, the work is minimal and I know that I am doing just a little part to save the earth. Not to mention save some money! Another added benefit to my choosing cloth, is my son has extremely sensitive skin, and with cloth diapers he has had not ONE break out -- not even a hint of any type of diaper rash. To me Attachment Parenting is not at all about a set guidelines though this is the set provided by Attachment Parenting International: 1. Preparation for Childbirth 2. Emotional Responsiveness 3. Breastfeed your Baby 4. Baby Wearing 5. Shared sleep and Safe Sleeping Guidelines 6. Avoid frequent and prolonged separations from your baby 7. Positive Discipline 8. Maintain balance in your family life We (as a family) practice several or most of these guidelines, now. Though like I said, my daughter as a baby was not parented this way, so I have a good sense of the exact diffrences in the two children. Why these guidelines are nice to see, they are (to me) just that guidelines, to me Attachment parenting is more about Instinctive parenting listening to my heart and doing what comes naturally to me, not about some set of guidelines I "must" follow. Now my son is 22 months old, still and still totally "Attachment Parented," which to me means he is continueing to co-sleep, nurse, is still being worn on a daily basis, and still has cute cloth on his little butt every day AND night. He walks, has started talking, and is becoming a real "little man" (I am sometimes sad to say.) I am confident that he is so well adjusted because I was and am so steadfast in "my kind of parenting"; and my beliefs. Jennifer Sprague, co-owner of High Top Baby Designs. She has several years of teaching experience, working with infants through adults and has a passion for helping children live happy, healthy and secure lives. Jennifer has been a nanny, daycare provider, teacher, and is currently studying to become a Doula and a Lactation Consultant. She enjoys spending time with her two wonderful children, Aubrey and Zachary. Jennifer is also an advocate for peaceful parenting everywhere she goes. 2005 High Top Baby Designs. All rights reserved Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jennifer_Sprague http://EzineArticles.com/?Parenting---My-Story&id=124605 no prescriptions online lorazepam
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